Packet #276477 Success

TRACEROUTE_APP packet from North Wales Stationary (NWS) to West Point (WPG2)

1
Total Receptions
1
Unique Gateways
1
Hop Count
52
Payload Bytes
Packet Information
Database ID: 276477
Mesh Packet ID: 0x116eb8b8
Used for correlation across gateways
Timestamp: 2026-04-10 12:18:12 UTC
From Node: North Wales Stationary (NWS)
To Node: West Point (WPG2)
Success: Processed
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Port: 70
Gateway: West Point (WPG2)
Channel: LongFast
RSSI: -28 dBm
SNR: 6.0 dBm
Hop Info: 1/3 hops
Start: 3, Limit: 2
Relay Node: c9 e7c9
Last byte of the last hop that relayed this packet - Candidate source node(s) based on 0-hop direct receptions
Payload Data
Protocol: TRACEROUTE_APP
Size: 52 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Decoded Data:
Route Information
Route Path: Base Station Ag (ag-b) → !90250af3
Hop Count: 1 hops
Status: Forward complete, Return in progress
SNR Towards: -6.5 dB -20.75 dB 3.25 dB
Return Path: !b2c1e7c9
SNR Back: -19.0 dB 6.0 dB
Route Visualization

Loading route map...

Map shows the geographic path if nodes have shared location data.
Traceroute Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 West Point (WPG2) Base Station Ag (ag-b) 5.10 km -6.5 dB Origin Hops
2 Base Station Ag (ag-b) !90250af3 5.83 km -20.75 dB Relay Hops
3 !90250af3 North Wales Stationary (NWS) 2.45 km 3.25 dB Destination Hops
Return Path Steps
Hop From Node To Node Distance SNR (dB) Direction Analysis
1 North Wales Stationary (NWS) !b2c1e7c9 Unknown -19.0 dB Return Start Hops
Total Forward Distance
13.38 km
Combined Traceroute Graph
Controls: Drag nodes to rearrange • Mouse wheel to zoom • Click and drag background to pan • Hover for details

Building graph...

Legend & Paths
Nodes
🔄 Router Node
📡 Gateway Node
🚀 Source Node
🎯 Target Node
Connections
RF Link
Gateway Connection
Direct Reception (0 hops)
Packet Paths
Loading paths...
Raw Packet Analysis
Complete field breakdown and MQTT privacy/exposure analysis
Packet Structure
MQTT Packet Flow:
ServiceEnvelope (MQTT layer) → MeshPacket (Mesh layer) → Decoded Payload (Application data)
Total Size:52 bytes
Gateway:!a2ebc28c
Channel:LongFast
Payload Type:TRACEROUTE_APP
Hop Count:1 / 3
Privacy Summary
Exposure Level:
Direct Message
Privacy Features:
✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
✓ Acknowledgment requested
+ 2 more...
Exposure Risks:
⚠ Default channel - no encryption
⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
+ 2 more...
MQTT ServiceEnvelope Fields

MQTT ServiceEnvelope contains the MeshPacket plus routing metadata

FieldValue
gateway_id !a2ebc28c
Node ID format
channel_id LongFast
Default public channel
packet MeshPacket (52 bytes)
Contains the actual mesh network packet
MeshPacket Fields

Core mesh packet with routing and payload information

FieldValueType
from 2228212094
Source node ID 		uint32
to 2733359756
Target node ID 		uint32
decoded.portnum 70
TRACEROUTE_APP 		enum
decoded.payload_length 52 bytes size
hop_limit 2
Remaining hops allowed 		uint32
hop_start 3
Initial hop limit 		uint32
hops_taken 1
Calculated: hop_start - hop_limit 		derived
rx_rssi -28.0 dBm
Signal strength at gateway 		int32
rx_snr 6.00 dB
Signal quality at gateway 		float
rx_time 1775823492
Receive timestamp 		fixed32
via_mqtt False
Direct LoRa transmission 		bool
want_ack True
Acknowledgment requested 		bool
priority Not set enum
delayed Not set enum
channel Not set uint32
pki_encrypted False
Standard encryption 		bool
next_hop 140
Next hop node ID 		uint32
relay_node 201
Relay node ID 		uint32
tx_after Not set uint32
timestamp 1775823492.6852193
Unix timestamp 		uint32
MQTT Privacy & Exposure Analysis

Analysis of privacy features and exposure risks when packet is shared via MQTT

Exposure Level: Direct Message
Privacy Features:
  • ✓ Direct LoRa transmission (not via MQTT)
  • ✓ Acknowledgment requested
  • ✓ Targeted to specific node
  • ✓ Gateway node ID tracked
Exposure Risks:
  • ⚠ Default channel - no encryption
  • ⚠ Packet visible to MQTT subscribers
  • ⚠ Multi-hop path visible (1 hops)
  • ⚠ RF signal metrics exposed (location inference possible)
MQTT-Specific Fields
Want ack: True
Gateway ID: !a2ebc28c
Signal Metrics: RSSI: -28.0 dBm
SNR: 6.00 dB
Complete Payload Analysis

Detailed breakdown of all payload fields and decoded data

Payload Metadata:
Protocol:TRACEROUTE_APP
Size:52 bytes
Decoded: Yes
Complete Payload Data (JSON):
{ "route_nodes": [ 1569903160, 2418346739 ], "snr_towards": [ -6.5, -20.75, 3.25 ], "route_back": [ 2999052233 ], "snr_back": [ -19.0, 6.0 ], "route_node_names": { "2999052233": "!b2c1e7c9", "2733359756": "West Point (WPG2)", "2418346739": "!90250af3", "1569903160": "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "2228212094": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)" }, "traceroute_packet": { "packet_data": { "id": 276477, "timestamp": 1775823492.6852193, "from_node_id": 2228212094, "to_node_id": 2733359756, "portnum": 70, "portnum_name": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "gateway_id": "!a2ebc28c", "channel_id": "LongFast", "mesh_packet_id": 292468920, "rssi": -28, "snr": 6.0, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 3, "payload_length": 52, "processed_successfully": 1, "raw_payload": "0a0838d2925df30a25901215e6ffffffffffffffff01adffffffffffffffff010d1a04c9e7c1b2220bb4ffffffffffffffff0118", "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "rx_time": 1775823492, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 140, "relay_node": 201, "tx_after": 0, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-10 12:18:12 UTC", "hop_count": 1, "has_payload": true, "success": 1, "from_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "to_node_name": "West Point (WPG2)", "relay_hex": "c9", "relay_candidates": [ { "node_id": 2999052233, "node_name": "!b2c1e7c9", "hex_id": "!b2c1e7c9", "short_name": "e7c9", "last_byte": "c9" } ], "gateway_name": "West Point (WPG2)", "gateway_location": { "node_id": 2733359756, "latitude": 40.2053, "longitude": -75.3021, "altitude": 102, "timestamp": 1775837068.4182136, "timestamp_str": "2026-04-10 16:04:28", "display_name": "West Point", "long_name": "West Point", "short_name": "WPG2", "hw_model": "STATION_G2" } }, "resolve_names": true, "packet_id": 276477, "from_node_id": 2228212094, "to_node_id": 2733359756, "timestamp": 1775823492.6852193, "gateway_id": "!a2ebc28c", "raw_payload": "0a0838d2925df30a25901215e6ffffffffffffffff01adffffffffffffffff010d1a04c9e7c1b2220bb4ffffffffffffffff0118", "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 3, "from_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "to_node_name": "West Point (WPG2)", "route_data": { "route_nodes": [ 1569903160, 2418346739 ], "snr_towards": [ -6.5, -20.75, 3.25 ], "route_back": [ 2999052233 ], "snr_back": [ -19.0, 6.0 ] }, "forward_path": { "path_type": "forward_with_return", "node_ids": [ 2733359756, 1569903160, 2418346739, 2228212094 ], "node_names": [ "West Point (WPG2)", "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "!90250af3", "North Wales Stationary (NWS)" ], "snr_values": [ -6.5, -20.75, 3.25 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2733359756, "to_node_id": 1569903160, "from_node_name": "West Point (WPG2)", "to_node_name": "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "snr": -6.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5097.65593267531, "from_location_timestamp": 1775822687.1634555, "to_location_timestamp": 1775812135.54783, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.2h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 1569903160, "to_node_id": 2418346739, "from_node_name": "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "to_node_name": "!90250af3", "snr": -20.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5829.816570061555, "from_location_timestamp": 1775812135.54783, "to_location_timestamp": 1775747547.1133811, "from_location_age_warning": "from 3.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 21.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2418346739, "to_node_id": 2228212094, "from_node_name": "!90250af3", "to_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "snr": 3.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2453.3569892892774, "from_location_timestamp": 1775747547.1133811, "to_location_timestamp": 1775817314.5712378, "from_location_age_warning": "from 21.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.7h ago" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 3 }, "return_path": { "path_type": "return", "node_ids": [ 2228212094, 2999052233 ], "node_names": [ "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "!b2c1e7c9" ], "snr_values": [ -19.0, 6.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2228212094, "to_node_id": 2999052233, "from_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "to_node_name": "!b2c1e7c9", "snr": -19.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": false, "total_hops": 1 }, "actual_rf_path": { "path_type": "combined_rf", "node_ids": [ 2733359756, 1569903160, 2418346739, 2228212094, 2999052233 ], "node_names": [ "West Point (WPG2)", "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "!90250af3", "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "!b2c1e7c9" ], "snr_values": [ -6.5, -20.75, 3.25, -19.0, 6.0 ], "hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2733359756, "to_node_id": 1569903160, "from_node_name": "West Point (WPG2)", "to_node_name": "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "snr": -6.5, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5097.65593267531, "from_location_timestamp": 1775822687.1634555, "to_location_timestamp": 1775812135.54783, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.2h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 1569903160, "to_node_id": 2418346739, "from_node_name": "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "to_node_name": "!90250af3", "snr": -20.75, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5829.816570061555, "from_location_timestamp": 1775812135.54783, "to_location_timestamp": 1775747547.1133811, "from_location_age_warning": "from 3.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 21.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2418346739, "to_node_id": 2228212094, "from_node_name": "!90250af3", "to_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "snr": 3.25, "direction": "forward_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2453.3569892892774, "from_location_timestamp": 1775747547.1133811, "to_location_timestamp": 1775817314.5712378, "from_location_age_warning": "from 21.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.7h ago" }, { "hop_number": 4, "from_node_id": 2228212094, "to_node_id": 2999052233, "from_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "to_node_name": "!b2c1e7c9", "snr": -19.0, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" }, { "hop_number": 5, "from_node_id": 2999052233, "to_node_id": 2733359756, "from_node_name": "!b2c1e7c9", "to_node_name": "West Point (WPG2)", "snr": 6.0, "direction": "return_rf", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "is_complete": true, "total_hops": 5 } }, "has_return_path": true, "is_complete": true, "forward_path_display": "West Point (WPG2) → Base Station Ag (ag-b) → !90250af3 → North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "return_path_display": "North Wales Stationary (NWS) → !b2c1e7c9", "actual_rf_path_display": "West Point (WPG2) → Base Station Ag (ag-b) → !90250af3 → North Wales Stationary (NWS) → !b2c1e7c9", "forward_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2733359756, "to_node_id": 1569903160, "from_node_name": "West Point (WPG2)", "to_node_name": "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "snr": -6.5, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5097.65593267531, "from_location_timestamp": 1775822687.1634555, "to_location_timestamp": 1775812135.54783, "from_location_age_warning": "from 0.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 3.2h ago" }, { "hop_number": 2, "from_node_id": 1569903160, "to_node_id": 2418346739, "from_node_name": "Base Station Ag (ag-b)", "to_node_name": "!90250af3", "snr": -20.75, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 5829.816570061555, "from_location_timestamp": 1775812135.54783, "to_location_timestamp": 1775747547.1133811, "from_location_age_warning": "from 3.2h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 21.1h ago" }, { "hop_number": 3, "from_node_id": 2418346739, "to_node_id": 2228212094, "from_node_name": "!90250af3", "to_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "snr": 3.25, "direction": "forward", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": 2453.3569892892774, "from_location_timestamp": 1775747547.1133811, "to_location_timestamp": 1775817314.5712378, "from_location_age_warning": "from 21.1h ago", "to_location_age_warning": "from 1.7h ago" } ], "return_hops": [ { "hop_number": 1, "from_node_id": 2228212094, "to_node_id": 2999052233, "from_node_name": "North Wales Stationary (NWS)", "to_node_name": "!b2c1e7c9", "snr": -19.0, "direction": "return", "is_target_hop": false, "distance_meters": null, "from_location_timestamp": null, "to_location_timestamp": null, "from_location_age_warning": "No location data available", "to_location_age_warning": "No location data available" } ], "total_forward_distance": 13380.829492026143, "total_return_distance": 0 }
Complete Protobuf Decode (JSON)
{ "service_envelope": { "gateway_id": "!a2ebc28c", "channel_id": "LongFast", "packet": "MeshPacket (see mesh_packet below)" }, "mesh_packet": { "from": 2228212094, "to": 2733359756, "id": 292468920, "rx_time": 1775823492, "rx_snr": 6.0, "rx_rssi": -28, "hop_limit": 2, "hop_start": 3, "via_mqtt": 0, "want_ack": 1, "priority": 0, "delayed": 0, "channel_index": null, "pki_encrypted": 0, "next_hop": 140, "relay_node": 201, "tx_after": 0, "decoded": { "portnum": 70, "payload": "0a0838d2925df30a25901215e6ffffffffffffffff01adffffffffffffffff010d1a04c9e7c1b2220bb4ffffffffffffffff0118", "want_response": null, "dest": null, "source": null, "request_id": null, "reply_id": null, "emoji": null, "parsed_payload": { "route": [ 1569903160, 2418346739 ], "snr_towards": [ -26, -83, 13 ], "route_back": [ 2999052233 ], "snr_back": [ -76, 24 ], "type": "protobuf", "portnum": "TRACEROUTE_APP", "message_class": "RouteDiscovery" } } } }
Raw Packet Data (52 bytes)
0a0838d2925df30a25901215e6ffffffffffffffff01adffffffffffffffff010d1a04c9e7c1b2220bb4ffffffffffffffff0118
Hex Analysis:
Size:52 bytes
Format:Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
Encoding:Binary with varint and length-delimited fields
This is the raw protobuf-encoded payload as received from MQTT. The structure follows the Meshtastic protobuf schema definitions.
All Receptions
All gateways that received this packet
Correlation: Using Mesh Packet ID
Gateway Time Offset RSSI SNR Hops Relay Channel Timestamp Actions
West Point (WPG2) Primary 0.000s
Reference 		-28.0 dBm 6.00 dB 1 c9 e7c9 LongFast 2026-04-10 12:18:12 UTC Current
No other receptions found within ±2 seconds
1

Total Receptions

1

Unique Gateways